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USS ''Enterprise'' (CVN-65), formerly CVA(N)-65, is an inactive〔http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/CVN65.htm〕 United States Navy aircraft carrier. She was the world's first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and the eighth United States naval vessel to bear the name. Like her predecessor of World War II fame, she is nicknamed "Big E". At 1,123 ft (342 m),〔〔 she is the longest naval vessel in the world, a record which still stands. Her 93,284-long-ton (94,781 t)〔 displacement ranked her as the 12th-heaviest supercarrier, after the 10 carriers of the and the USS ''Gerald R. Ford''. ''Enterprise'' had a crew of some 4,600 service members.〔 The only ship of her class, ''Enterprise''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Welcome to Navy Forces Online Public Sites )〕 was, at the time of inactivation, the third-oldest commissioned vessel in the United States Navy after the wooden-hulled and . She was originally scheduled for decommissioning in 2014 or 2015, depending on the life of her reactors and completion of her replacement, , but the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 slated the ship's retirement for 2013, when she would have served for 51 consecutive years, longer than any other U.S. aircraft carrier. ''Enterprise'''s home port was Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia as of September 2012.〔("USS Enterprise repair bill now $605 million" ). dailypress.com, 22 October 2009〕 Her original home port was Naval Air Station Alameda until close to its closure in 1997. When in port at NAS Alameda, she was visible to those crossing the San Francisco/Oakland "Bay Bridge." She was the flagship of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz while he lived in Berkeley, California until his death in 1966. Her final deployment, the last before her inactivation, began on 10 March 2012 and ended 4 November 2012. She was inactivated on 1 December 2012, with her official decommissioning taking place sometime in 2016 after the completion of an extensive terminal offload program currently underway.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=USS Enterprise (CVN 65) Official Web Site )〕〔("World's First Nuclear-powered Aircraft Carrier, the Big E, makes final voyage" ). foxnews.com, 10 March 2012.〕 The name has been adopted by the future ''Gerald R. Ford''-class aircraft carrier . , ''Enterprise'' is still a commissioned United States Navy ship, but is inactive. She has undergone enough of the four-year-long inactivation process to render her unfit for further military service. Inactivation removes fuel, fluids, furnishings, tools, fittings and de-energizes the ship's electrical system. ''Enterprise'' has already been cut open to allow the removal of usable systems. ==Design== ''Enterprise'' was meant to be the first of a class of six carriers, but construction costs ballooned and the remaining vessels were never laid down. Because of the huge cost of her construction, ''Enterprise'' was launched and commissioned without the planned RIM-2 Terrier missile launchers. These were never installed and the ship's self-defense suite instead consisted of three shorter-range RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, Basic Point Defense Missile System (BPDMS) launchers.〔''Jane's American fighting ships of the 20th century'', p. 89. New York: Mallard Press, 1991. ISBN 0-7924-5626-2.〕 Later upgrades added two NATO Sea Sparrow (NSSM) and three Mk 15 Phalanx CIWS gun mounts.〔Cullen, Tony. ''Encyclopedia of World Sea Power'', p. 68. ISBN 0-517-65342-7.〕 One CIWS mount was later removed and two 21-cell RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile launchers were added.〔.〕 ''Enterprise'' is also the only aircraft carrier to house more than two nuclear reactors,〔 having an eight-reactor propulsion design, with each A2W reactor taking the place of one of the conventional boilers in earlier constructions. She is the only carrier with four rudders, two more than other classes, and features a more cruiser-like hull. ''Enterprise'' also had a phased array radar system known as SCANFAR. SCANFAR was intended to be better at tracking multiple airborne targets than conventional rotating antenna radars. SCANFAR consisted of two radars, the AN/SPS-32 and the AN/SPS-33. The AN/SPS-32 was a long-range air search and target acquisition radar developed by Hughes for the US Navy. The AN/SPS-32 operated together with the AN/SPS-33, which was the square array used for 3D tracking, into one system. It was installed on only two vessels, ''Enterprise'' and the cruiser , placing a massive power drain on the ship's electric system. The technology of the AN/SPS-32 was based on vacuum tubes and the system required constant repairs. The SPS-32 was a phased array radar which had a range of 400 nautical miles against large targets, and 200 nautical miles against small, fighter-size targets. These early phased arrays, replaced around 1980, were responsible for the distinctive square-looking island. The AN/SPS-32 and AN/SPS-33 radars, while ahead of their time, suffered from issues relating to electrical beam steering mechanism and were not pursued in further ship classes. While they are considered to be an early form of "phased array" radar, they were ahead of their time and it would take the later technology of the Aegis phased array AN/SPY-1 with its electronically controlled beam steering to make phased array radars both reliable and practical for the USN. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Enterprise (CVN-65)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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